A multi-path tax planning model that shows you how to convert pre-tax retirement assets into Roth wealth — efficiently, across geography, tax brackets, and decades.
Choose from four distinct scenarios — or fully customize every parameter — to model your personal Roth conversion roadmap.
Models abroad windows, state tax arbitrage, ACA constraints, and IRMAA lookback years so the optimizer knows when conversion is cheapest.
Runs a full simulation from your current age to 85, tracking Roth, pre-tax, brokerage, HSA, and 529 balances with tax detail each year.
Separates hard costs (federal tax, IRMAA) from bypassable constraints (state tax, ACA) so you can see exactly what each lever costs.
Runs hundreds of return scenarios to show the probability distribution of Roth wealth at 85 — not just the base case.
The bracket-leveling engine spreads conversions smoothly across years, avoiding high brackets now and wasted low brackets later.
Start with one of the four preset paths at the top of the dashboard, or choose ⚙ Customizable path to control every input yourself.
Fill in your balances, income, spending, geography, and timeline in the left sidebar. The model re-runs instantly on every change.
Choose your top federal bracket target and conversion engine. The bracket-leveling engine enforces a smooth annual cap; the optimizer maximizes your chosen objective.
Scroll to the Tradeoff Center to see which constraints are active, what each costs, and which planning levers can reduce them.
The sensitivity analysis table shows six pre-defined paths side by side — Roth at 85, lifetime tax, IRMAA cost, and total conversions.
All inputs unlocked. You set the objective, posture, geography, bracket target, and conversion engine. Best for exploring your specific situation.
Optimizes for healthcare stability. Conservative conversions that protect ACA subsidies and avoid IRMAA. For those who plan to stay in the U.S. pre-65.
Front-loads conversions before age 63 during an abroad window with no state tax. Maximizes the cheapest conversion years before Medicare lookback begins.
Bracket-leveling engine with a 24% cap — smooth, disciplined conversions every year without spiky brackets. Best for long-horizon steady conversion.
| Tradeoff | Status | Planning lever | Why it matters |
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| Path | Roth at 85 | Pre-tax left at 85 | After-tax wealth | Lifetime tax | IRMAA | Roth conversions |
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| Age | Mode | W-2 | 1099 | Cash int. | Q-div | Passive | SSN | SS taxable | Realized gains | RMD | Conversion | Fed tax | LTCG tax | NIIT | State tax | IRMAA | Total tax | Bracket | Constraint |
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